- MS (Mobile Station)
- MT (Mobile Terminal) + TE (Terminal Equipment)
- BSS (Base Station Subsystem)
- BTS (Base Transceiver Station) + BSC (Base Station Controller)
- NSS (Network Switching Subsystem)
- MSC (Mobile Switching Center)
- Telephony switching function and authentication of user
- BTS
- GSM uses a series of radio transmitters called BTSs to connect the mobiles to a cellular network.
- BSC
- manages the radio resources for group of BTs connected to it ; call maintenance
- HLR (Home Location Register)
- A database to store and management
- permanent data of subscribers
- VLR (Visitor Location Register)
- A database to store temporary information about subscribers
- It is needed by MSC in order to service visiting subscribers
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